{"id":3347,"date":"2021-04-14T17:39:33","date_gmt":"2021-04-14T17:39:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.energyregulationquarterly.ca\/?p=3347"},"modified":"2022-06-24T14:17:29","modified_gmt":"2022-06-24T14:17:29","slug":"a-literature-review-on-regulatory-independence-in-canadas-energy-systems-origins-rationale-and-key-features-ian-t-d-thomson-positive-energy-university-of-ottawa-november-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/energyregulationquarterly.ca\/fr\/book-reviews\/a-literature-review-on-regulatory-independence-in-canadas-energy-systems-origins-rationale-and-key-features-ian-t-d-thomson-positive-energy-university-of-ottawa-november-2020","title":{"rendered":"Une revue de la litt\u00e9rature sur l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance de la r\u00e9glementation dans les syst\u00e8mes \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques du Canada\u00a0: les origines, la justification et les caract\u00e9ristiques principales<\/em>, Ian\u00a0T. D. Thomson, \u00c9nergie positive, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Ottawa, novembre 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le but de l\u2019initiative \u00c9nergie positive de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Ottawa est d\u2019\u00ab\u00a0utilise[r] son pouvoir de mobilisation pour r\u00e9unir des chercheurs universitaires et des d\u00e9cideurs de haut niveau de l\u2019industrie, des gouvernements, des communaut\u00e9s autochtones, des communaut\u00e9s locales et d\u2019organisations environnementales pour d\u00e9terminer comment renforcer la confiance du public dans la prise de d\u00e9cisions en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9nergie[1]<\/sup>\u00a0\u00bb. Les travaux de cet important projet ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9s p\u00e9riodiquement dans des num\u00e9ros ant\u00e9rieurs de la Publication trimestrielle sur la r\u00e8glementation de l\u2019\u00e9nergie<\/em>, commen\u00e7ant en d\u00e9cembre 2017 avec un article par Michael Cleland et Monica Gattinger, \u00ab\u00a0Syst\u00e8me en crise\u00a0: la prise de d\u00e9cisions en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9nergie au Canada et la r\u00e9forme \u00e9clair\u00e9e n\u00e9cessaire[2]<\/sup>\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

L\u2019un des projets actuels d\u2019\u00c9nergie positive vise \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0explorer la relation entre les organismes de r\u00e9glementation et les autres intervenants dans les processus de prise de d\u00e9cisions en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9nergie\u00a0\u00bb [traduction], sous le titre \u00ab\u00a0Policymakers, Regulators and Courts \u2013 Who Decides What, When and How?\u00a0\u00bb (D\u00e9cideurs, organismes de r\u00e9glementation et tribunaux \u2013 Qui d\u00e9cide quoi, quand et comment?) Le projet fait partie de l\u2019examen plus vaste par \u00c9nergie positive \u00ab\u00a0des r\u00f4les et des responsabilit\u00e9s des d\u00e9cideurs dans le syst\u00e8me de prise de d\u00e9cisions du Canada en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9nergie[3]<\/sup>\u00a0\u00bb [traduction]. Un document de travail pr\u00e9sentant des constatations et des id\u00e9es initiales a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 en d\u00e9cembre 2020[4]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Dans le cadre de ses recherche pour ce projet, \u00c9nergie positive a publi\u00e9 un document d\u2019information tr\u00e8s utile, Une revue de la litt\u00e9rature sur l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance de la r\u00e9glementation dans les syst\u00e8mes \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques du Canada\u00a0: les origines, la justification et les caract\u00e9ristiques principales <\/em>(revue de litt\u00e9rature<\/em>)[5]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir commenc\u00e9, pertinemment, avec une discussion sur la \u00ab\u00a0justification de l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance\u00a0\u00bb, la revue de litt\u00e9rature <\/em>fait un survol des \u00ab\u00a0moments cl\u00e9s de l\u2019histoire de l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance de la r\u00e9glementation au Canada\u00a0\u00bb [traduction], remontant jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la d\u00e9l\u00e9gation des fonctions de r\u00e9glementation au Comit\u00e9 des chemins de fer du Conseil priv\u00e9 en 1851, \u00ab\u00a0le premier tribunal administratif et clairement non ind\u00e9pendant du Canada[6]<\/sup>\u00a0\u00bb [traduction]. Le Comit\u00e9 des chemins de fer avait rejet\u00e9 le mod\u00e8le am\u00e9ricain de r\u00e9glementation ind\u00e9pendante. Toutefois, des probl\u00e8mes concernant la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019un sous-comit\u00e9 de cabinet \u00e0 effectuer le travail (manque de connaissances sur la question, vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 politique aux influences ext\u00e9rieures, composition toujours changeante, etc.) a ultimement men\u00e9 aux recommandations de la Commission royale McLean et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tablissement en 1903 du premier organisme de r\u00e9glementation f\u00e9d\u00e9ral, la Commission des chemins de fer, au titre de la Railway Act<\/em>[7]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

La revue de litt\u00e9rature <\/em>retrace la prolif\u00e9ration des organismes de r\u00e9glementation au Canada du d\u00e9but au milieu du XXe<\/sup> si\u00e8cle et, par la suite, le prolongement de leurs r\u00f4les, \u00ab\u00a0autrefois nouveaux et restreints\u00a0\u00bb, \u00e0 des r\u00f4les qui \u00ab\u00a0affectent et influencent de plus en plus les vies des Canadiens\u2026[8]<\/sup>\u00a0\u00bb [traduction]. Alors que dans le pass\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0la controverse politique menait \u00e0 une plus grande ind\u00e9pendance des organismes de r\u00e9glementation par rapport au processus politique\u00a0\u00bb, plus r\u00e9cemment \u00ab\u00a0la controverse entourant un organisme de r\u00e9glementation a men\u00e9 \u00e0 une confiance r\u00e9duite dans la prise de d\u00e9cisions r\u00e9glementaires et \u00e0 une ind\u00e9pendance r\u00e9glementaire amenuis\u00e9e pour les organismes et les tribunaux[9]<\/sup>\u00a0\u00bb [traduction]. La revue de litt\u00e9rature <\/em>cite l\u2019Office national de l\u2019\u00e9nergie, la Commission de l\u2019\u00e9nergie de l\u2019Ontario et l\u2019Alberta Energy Regulator \u00e0 tire d\u2019exemples.<\/p>\n

L\u2019avenir \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique du Canada est en transition. Comme \u00c9nergie positive l\u2019a observ\u00e9\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0D\u00e9finir clairement et renforcer les r\u00f4les et les responsabilit\u00e9s entre et parmi les autorit\u00e9s publiques est l\u2019un des facteurs les plus essentiels mais trop peu \u00e9tudi\u00e9s qui fa\u00e7onnent l\u2019avenir \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique du Canada \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e8re des changements climatiques[10]<\/sup>\u00a0\u00bb [traduction]. Comprendre comment ces r\u00f4les et responsabilit\u00e9s ont \u00e9volu\u00e9 \u00e0 ce jour devrait assurer un fondement solide pour tracer la voie \u00e0 suivre. Une revue de la litt\u00e9rature sur l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance de la r\u00e9glementation dans les syst\u00e8mes \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques du Canada\u00a0: les origines, la justification et les caract\u00e9ristiques principales <\/em>est une contribution utile qui permettra de relever ce d\u00e9fi.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u00c9nergie positive, \u00ab \u00c0 propos d\u2019\u00c9nergie positive \u00bb (derni\u00e8re consultation le 18 janvier 2021), en ligne : <www.uottawa.ca\/energie-positive\/energie-positive-en-bref<\/a>>.<\/li>\n
  2. Michael Cleland et Monica Gattinger, \u00ab Syst\u00e8me en crise : la prise de d\u00e9cisions en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9nergie au Canada et la r\u00e9forme \u00e9clair\u00e9e n\u00e9cessaire \u00bb (2017) 5:4 Publication trimestrielle sur la r\u00e8glementation de l\u2019\u00e9nergie 13; Voir aussi Michael Cleland et Monica Gattinger, \u00ab L\u2019avenir \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique du Canada \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e8re des changements climatiques : Confiance du public et fondements institutionnels \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard du changement \u00bb (2019) 7:3 Publication trimestrielle sur la r\u00e8glementation de l\u2019\u00e9nergie 19.<\/li>\n
  3. Michael Cleland, Ian T.D. Thomson et Monica Gattinger, \u00ab Policymakers, Regulators and Courts – Who Decides What, When and How? The Evolution of Regulatory Independence, Discussion Paper \u00bb (d\u00e9cembre 2020) \u00e0 la p 4, en ligne (pdf ) : \u00c9nergie positive<\/em> <www.uottawa.ca\/positive-energy\/sites\/www.uottawa.ca.positive-energy\/files\/policymakers_regulators_and_courts_-_who_decides_what_when_and_how_final.pdf<\/a>>.<\/li>\n
  4. Ibid<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  5. Ian T.D. Thomson, \u00ab A Literature Review on Regulatory Independence in Canada\u2019s Energy Systems: Origins, Rationale and Key Features \u00bb (novembre 2020), en ligne (pdf) : \u00c9nergie positive<\/em> <www.uottawa.ca\/positive-energy\/sites\/www.uottawa.ca.positive-energy\/files\/a_literature_review_on_regulatory_independence_in_canadas_energy_systems_final.pdf<\/a>>.<\/li>\n
  6. Ibid <\/em>\u00e0 la p 8.<\/li>\n
  7. Ibid <\/em>\u00e0 la p 10.<\/li>\n
  8. Ibid <\/em>\u00e0 la p 11.<\/li>\n
  9. Ibid <\/em>\u00e0 la p 19.<\/li>\n
  10. Ibid <\/em>\u00e0 la p 5.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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