{"id":2319,"date":"2018-12-17T16:31:56","date_gmt":"2018-12-17T16:31:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.energyregulationquarterly.ca\/?p=2319"},"modified":"2022-06-24T15:20:51","modified_gmt":"2022-06-24T15:20:51","slug":"lng-canada-breaks-the-national-regulatory-roadblock","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/energyregulationquarterly.ca\/fr\/case-comments\/lng-canada-breaks-the-national-regulatory-roadblock","title":{"rendered":"GNL Canada franchit l\u2019obstacle r\u00e8glementaire national"},"content":{"rendered":"

Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n

Alors que les prix mondiaux du p\u00e9trole viennent d\u2019atteindre leur plus haut niveau en quatre ans (tout comme le rabais sur le p\u00e9trole de l\u2019Alberta), de bonnes nouvelles nous sont provenues de Vancouver. En effet, une coentreprise de cinq soci\u00e9t\u00e9s internationales a annonc\u00e9 un investissement de 40 milliards de dollars dans un projet de gaz naturel liqu\u00e9fi\u00e9 en construction \u00e0 Kitimat, en Colombie-Britannique, ce qui repr\u00e9sente le plus important investissement de capitaux priv\u00e9s de l\u2019histoire canadienne1<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

La coentreprise<\/strong><\/p>\n

Un groupe impressionnant d\u2019entreprises ayant \u00e0 sa t\u00eate Shell Canada s\u2019est r\u00e9uni, soit Petro China, le g\u00e9ant malaisien de l\u2019\u00e9nergie Petronas, Mitsubishi Corporation au Japon et Kogas en Cor\u00e9e du Sud. Shell d\u00e9tient 40 % de la coentreprise, Petronas 25 %, PetroChina 15 %, Mitsubishi 15 % et Korean Gas Corporation 5 %.<\/p>\n

Chaque partenaire de la coentreprise est responsable de l\u2019acheminement de son approvisionnement en gaz naturel et, individuellement, de l\u2019achat et de la commercialisation de son GNL. TransCanada construira et exploitera le gazoduc Coastal GasLink d\u2019une valeur de 4,7 milliards de dollars qui reliera l\u2019approvisionnement en gaz en amont \u00e0 l\u2019usine de GNL. Le projet sera construit par une coentreprise constitu\u00e9e de Fluor Corporation of California et de JGC Corporation of Japan, deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s qui poss\u00e8dent une vaste exp\u00e9rience dans la construction de trains de GNL \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale2<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Les approbations r\u00e8glementaires<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dans la foul\u00e9e du cafouillage de Trans Mountain, il est bienvenu d\u2019apprendre que ce projet a un permis d\u2019exportation d\u2019une dur\u00e9e de quarante ans et que tous les principaux permis environnementaux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9livr\u00e9s, y compris les approbations de l\u2019Office national de l\u2019\u00e9nergie, du minist\u00e8re des P\u00eaches et Oc\u00e9ans, de BC Hydro ainsi que de 25 Premi\u00e8res Nations. Lors de l\u2019annonce, Crystal Smith, conseill\u00e8re en chef de la Premi\u00e8re Nation Haisla, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 : \u00ab\u00a0Au nom de l\u2019ensemble de notre nation, nous tenons \u00e0 exprimer notre gratitude pour l\u2019investissement r\u00e9alis\u00e9 sur le territoire Haisla3<\/sup>.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Quel commentaire rafra\u00eechissant. C\u2019est incroyable que cinq multinationales \u00e9trang\u00e8res ont pu s\u2019entendre avec 25 Premi\u00e8res Nations canadiennes. Il s\u2019av\u00e8re qu\u2019ils ont donn\u00e9 aux propri\u00e9taires fonciers une part du projet, ce qui engendrera des retomb\u00e9es b\u00e9n\u00e9fiques importantes pendant toute la dur\u00e9e du projet.<\/p>\n

Le Cimeti\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le nouveau projet fait suite non seulement au cafouillage de Trans Mountain, mais aussi aux \u00e9checs de Northern Gateway, d\u2019Energy East, de Pacific Northwest LNG et d\u2019Aurora LNG. La diff\u00e9rence, c\u2019est l\u2019appui solide de 25 Premi\u00e8res Nations dirig\u00e9es par la Premi\u00e8re Nation Haisla qui a remerci\u00e9 le consortium d\u2019avoir construit le projet sur ses terres et de lui avoir offert une part des revenus \u00e0 long terme.<\/p>\n

Cela devrait donner de l\u2019espoir au juge Frank\u00a0Iacobucci, alors que celui-ci se penche sur le cafouillage de l\u2019affaire Trans Mountain apr\u00e8s que la Cour f\u00e9d\u00e9rale eut conclu que la d\u00e9cision de l\u2019Office national de l\u2019\u00e9nergie devrait \u00eatre annul\u00e9e4<\/sup>. Il n\u2019y a aucune raison pour que les propri\u00e9taires fonciers ne participent pas de fa\u00e7on significative \u00e0 ces projets.<\/p>\n

L\u2019avantage concurrentiel<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le projet pr\u00e9sente des avantages concurrentiels uniques. Premi\u00e8rement, il profite d\u2019un acc\u00e8s \u00e0 du gaz naturel \u00e0 faible co\u00fbt provenant des vastes ressources de la Colombie-Britannique. Deuxi\u00e8mement, la distance maritime est relativement courte vers l\u2019Asie du Nord, soit environ 50\u00a0%\u00a0plus courte que celle depuis le golfe du Mexique am\u00e9ricain, et l\u2019on \u00e9vite du m\u00eame coup le canal de Panama. Kitimat est \u00e0 moins de 10 jours d\u2019exp\u00e9dition de Tokyo et de Shanghai, comparativement \u00e0 24 jours pour l\u2019Asie \u00e0 partir de la c\u00f4te am\u00e9ricaine du golfe du Mexique 5<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

La c\u00f4te am\u00e9ricaine du Golfe du Mexique pose un autre probl\u00e8me. Le pr\u00e9sident am\u00e9ricain Donald\u00a0Trump a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de d\u00e9clencher une guerre commerciale avec la Chine, ce qui a men\u00e9 ce pays a r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9 avec une hausse des tarifs douaniers de 10\u00a0% sur le GNL quittant la c\u00f4te du golfe du Mexique\u00a0: un bonus qui se prend bien pour les Canadiens6<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

L\u2019Asie est certainement la v\u00e9ritable cible. La demande de gaz naturel y est en forte croissance. Il est int\u00e9ressant de noter que cela donne au projet un nouvel argument environnemental. En effet, ce gaz est utilis\u00e9 en Asie pour produire de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9. Les installations aliment\u00e9es au gaz y remplacent les centrales au charbon et y r\u00e9duisent de 50 % les \u00e9missions de carbone 7<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

La voie de l\u2019avenir<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u2019approbation du projet de GNL Canada a suscit\u00e9 un int\u00e9r\u00eat pour des initiatives connexes au Canada. Chevron a son propre projet \u00e0 Kitimat, et celui-ci est pr\u00eat \u00e0 \u00eatre lanc\u00e9, tout comme Bear Head LNG dans le d\u00e9troit de Canso, entre la Nouvelle-\u00c9cosse et le Cap-Breton. Il y a aussi Goldsboro LNG sur la c\u00f4te Est de la Nouvelle-\u00c9cosse qui a d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u00e9nich\u00e9 un important client allemand pour acheter la moiti\u00e9 de la production autoris\u00e9e de Goldsboro en vertu d\u2019un contrat de 20 ans.<\/p>\n

La demande \u00e0 long terme de GNL pour desservir l\u2019Asie et l\u2019Europe est tr\u00e8s prometteuse. La demande a augment\u00e9 de 50 % l\u2019an dernier seulement. Avec un peu de chance, le Canada est sur le point de laisser derri\u00e8re lui une d\u00e9cennie de projets \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques qui ont \u00e9chou\u00e9.<\/p>\n

* Gordon Kaiser est arbitre et m\u00e9diateur, pratiquant \u00e0 Toronto et \u00e0 Washington DC. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 vice-pr\u00e9sident de la Commission de l\u2019\u00e9nergie de l\u2019Ontario.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u00a0LNG Canada, communiqu\u00e9 de presse, \u00ab LNG Canada Announces a Positive Final Investment Decision: First large-scale LNG export facility in Canada receives a green light\u00a0\u00bb (1 octobre 2018), en ligne\u00a0: <https:\/\/www.lngcanada.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/LNG-Canada-Takes-FID-Media-Release-October-1-2018.pdf<\/a>>.<\/li>\n
  2. \u00a0Ibid<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  3. \u00a0Levon Sevunts, \u00ab\u00a0Ottawa, British Columbia and First Nations hail $40B LNG investment\u00a0\u00bb, Radio-Canada International <\/em>(2 octobre 2018), en ligne : <http:\/\/www.rcinet.ca\/en\/2018\/10\/02\/lng-canada-investment-ottawa-british-columbia-haisla-nation\/<\/a>>.<\/li>\n
  4. \u00a0John Paul Tasker, \u00ab Frank Iacobucci hailed as right pick to rescue \u2018failed\u2019 Trans Mountain process\u00a0\u00bb, CBC News <\/em>(3 octobre 2018), en ligne : <https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/politics\/tasker-trans-mountain-frank-iacobucci-indigenous-consultation-1.4849012<\/a>>.<\/li>\n
  5. \u00a0Geoffrey MorGan, \u00ab\u00a0LNG Deal Signals Revival of Mega Projects\u00a0\u00bb, National Post<\/em> (3 octobre 2018).<\/li>\n
  6. \u00a0Donna Borak, Katie Lobosco et Kevin Liptak, \u00ab\u00a0Trump administration will impose tariffs on $200 billion in Chinese goods\u00a0\u00bb CNN<\/em> (18 septembre 2018), en ligne : <https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2018\/09\/17\/politics\/us-china-tariff-trade-war\/index.html<\/a>>.<\/li>\n
  7. \u00a0Canada, minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Environnement et minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9, R\u00e8glement limitant les \u00e9missions de dioxyde de carbone provenant de la production d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 thermique au gaz naturel,<\/em> vol. 152, no<\/sup> 7, Ottawa, Gouvernement du Canada, 17 f\u00e9vrier 2018.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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